![]() Physicist Max Planck (Ger) develops the quantum theory of light.The Commonwealth of Australia becomes an independent British Dominion.Boxer Rebellion: European legations in Peking are besieged by Chinese Nationalists an international coalition relieves them.Britain annexes Orange Free State and Transvaal guerrilla warfare follows.Zoologist Ernst Heinrich Haeckel (Ger): The Riddle of the Universe.Joseph Conrad (Pol/UK): Heart of Darkness (first published in Blackwood’s Magazine).Krcyer (Nor/Den) paints Summer Evening on Skagen’s Beach Monet (Fr) paints Bridge over a Pond of Water Lilies.Motor omnibuses are introduced in London, England.A Geneva conference establishes a permanent international Court of Arbitration at The Hague, Netherlands.Britain acquires Tonga and Savage islands.The USA faces insurrection of the Philippines.In South Africa, war begins between British and Boers Henry James (US): The Turn of the Screw.Henri Matisse (Fr) paints Maisons a Fenouillet.Scientists Marie and Pierre Curie (Fr) discover radium.Emile Zola writes an open letter, ‘J’Accuse’, to the French president in the case of officer Alfred Dreyfus Zola is sentenced for libel, but flees to England.Edmund Rostand (Fr): Cyrano de Bergerac ġ898 USA declares war on Spain over the Cuban rebellion ends with Treaty of Paris: Cuba gains independence and Spain cedes Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines to the USA.Henri Rousseau (Fr) paints The Sleeping Gypsy.Camille Pissarro (Fr) paints Boulevard Montmartre au printemps.Felix Hoffmann at Bayer AG synthesises acetylsalicylic acid to make ‘Aspirin’.Physician Ronald Ross (Scot) identifies the cause of malaria.In China, German troops occupy Tsingtao, and Russian forces take Port Arthur.Turkey declares war on Greece and defeats Greek forces in Thessaly Russia and Austria intervene to end the war.William McKinley becomes the 25th President of the USA Theodor Herzl (Aus): The Jewish State, advocating the founding of a Jewish state in Palestine.Anton Chekhov (Russ): play The Seagull.Akseli Gallen-Kallela (Fin) paints Defense of the Sampo.Antoine Henri Becquerel (Fr) detects radiation from uranium.Henry Ford (US) makes his first automobile. ![]() ![]() The Olympic Games are revived in Athens.Scientist Alfred Nobel (Swed) dies Nobel prizes instituted.France annexes the island of Madagascar.British forces begin the re-conquest of Sudan.Turks accept self-government for Crete.Italy renounces its protectorate over Ethiopia ![]()
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